The aim of the study was to identify and evaluate abnormalities in the exchange of immunological, macro and microelements, as well as to develop methods for their correction in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in children. The microelement composition of the blood of healthy children and patients with out-of-hospital and nosocomial pneumonia was studied by neutron activation analysis. The data obtained show that with nosocomial pneumonia, the violation of the trace element status is more pronounced in comparison with healthy children. The developed 3-step method of treatment with the use of an immunomodulatory drug and vitamin-mineral complex Vitrum kids, based on the basic therapy, improves the healing process and normalizes the microelement status of children.