Aim: A study to observe the cases of abdominal wound dehiscence in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy with midline incision. Objectives: To calculate the frequency of abdominal wound dehiscence in patients undergoing emergency laparotomies subjected to midline incision and to determine hypoproteinemia, anemia and surgical site infection as contributing factors for abdominal wound dehiscence in emergency laparotomies with midline incision. Materials and Methods: Observational cohort study carried out in the department of General Surgery at Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Vallah, Sri Amritsar on 60 patients who underwent emergency laparotomy with midline incision. Results: In our study, patients belonging to various kinds of age group and socio economic background were included in the study irrespective of the gender. Amongst the 60 patients included, abdominal wound dehiscence was seen in 36 patients corresponding to 60% of the sample size. This study was endeavoured to delineate the role of anemia, hypoalbuminaemia and SSI (surgical site infection) in the dehiscence seen in these patients and it was observed that majority of the patients undergoing abdominal wound dehiscence had hypoalbuminaemia thus, making it the most significant risk factor followed by anemia and surgical site infection. Conclusion: In this study we concluded that Abdominal wound dehiscence is a serious sequel of impaired wound healing. Many factors can predispose to this grave complication of which anemia, hypoproteinaemia and surgical site infection carry enormous significance. Patients with these risk factors require more attention and special care to minimize the risk of occurrence. Postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence can be prevented by improving the nutritional status of the patient, strict aseptic precautions, optimization of patient's hemodynamic losses and by proper surgical technique. Early diagnosis of burst abdomen and aggressive treatment helps in reducing morbidity and mortality. Some of the major factors like the ones mentioned in this study must be vigilantly looked for and treated to prevent this catastrophic complication.