Abstract In India, the prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease, which primarily consists of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has gradually increased over the past 20 years. In this review article, we outline the risk factors and genetic susceptibility of Chinese IBD patients and present the most recent epidemiological trends in incidence, prevalence, and death of IBD patients in India. We contrast these traits with those of IBD patients in Western nations. The incidence and prevalence of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have been increasing worldwide across pediatric and adult populations. As IBD is thought to be related to a combination of individual genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and alterations in the gut microbiome that stimulate an inflammatory response, understanding the potentially modifiable environmental risk factors associated with the development or the course of IBD could impact disease rates or management in the future.