Introduction: Accurate anthropometric measurements and critical analysis of growth data allow the clinician to promptly recognize children with short stature. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of etiological factors causing short stature among children referred to the department of pediatric and endocrinology, Institute of medical Science, Banaras Hindu University. Design: Retrospective population-based study. Methods: To assess the prevalence of hospitalization, a questionnaire-based study was conducted on subjects suffering from Short Stature to record the details of their lifestyle, habits and familial history. All subjects were of Indian ethnicity from Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, the two states of northern Indian population. Patients were characterized in terms of their socio-demographic and clinically diagnosed characteristics, Evaluation included: detailed medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, bone age and chromosomal analysis. Results: Endocrinological causes accounted for 20% of short stature of them, 10.9% had growth hormone deficiency (GHD)], 58.6% had normal variants of growth [of them, 42% had familial short stature (FSS), 14.18% had constitutional growth delay (CGD) and 4.4% a combination of both]. Interestingly, celiac disease (CD) constituted 6.6% of children with short stature in our cohort. Conclusions: Although potentially treatable causes such as GHD, hypothyroidism and CD accounted for a considerable percentage of short stature in our study, the majority of short stature in children had normal variations of growth. Growth hormone treatment in children, however, should be promptly initiated with specific clinical indications. CD is a not uncommon cause of short stature.